This paper examines the battle of Teutoburg (9 A.D.), its consequences on the Roman world, and the role cultural misunderstanding played on the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. The Roman commander's cultural misunderstanding of his...
From 1871 to 1897, France progressively expanded her colonization over Tonkin, in the North of Vietnam, also called Indochine. Three attempts were necessary to completely gain control, then pacify this territory. Navy and Army officers played a...
This paper looks at the Russian conquest of the Caucasian mountaineers (1801-59), the subjugation of Central Asia (1831-81), the reconquest of Central Asia by the Red Army (1918-33), and the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979-89). The history of...
Department of Military Art and Engineering, United States Military Academy
Italy's entry into World War II on 10 June 1940 opened a vast new theater of operations--the Mediterranean area. During its first year the war had been fought in central and northern Europe, the center of gravity moving successively from Poland to...
Booklet meant to inform occupying soldiers about Germany. Discusses a variety of topics including the history of Germany, cultural differences, currency, weights and measures, and language.
For this Civil Affairs document, three main sections include the Bismarckian Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (revolution and the new array of forces, period of consolidation, and the end of the Weimar Republic and Hitler's rise to power),...
The United States has attempted for several decades to assist in the modernization of armies in the Middle East. These armies are rich in tradition and heritage of medieval and pre-modern Islamic armies. Islamic armies possess an ability to...
Since 2001, the capabilities of the Afghan state have been a priority on the world stage. The reign of Amir Abdur Rahman, who established the current state of Afghanistan, is critical in understanding the development of the current state, and the...
This monograph examines the US military involvement in the "drug war" since l989, as well as some of the issues that the military officer may have to deal with while conducting counterdrug operations in Peru. In 1989, the Secretary of Defense...
In 1274 and 1281, the Mongol Empire attempted overseas invasions of Japan, following diplomatic efforts to make Japan submit. On both occasions, the Mongols were unsuccessful. Although the Japanese offered stiff and well-coordinated resistance, the...
The work achieved by Marshal Louis Hubert Gonzalve Lyautey (1854-1934) in Morocco between 1912 and 1925, while he served as the résident général, occupies a special place in French military history. Lyautey's work still applies today, and is...
General Marshall has stated that a knowledge of the causes and the events leading up to the present war and of the principles for which we are fighting "is an indispensable part of military training and merits the thoughtful consideration of every...
The last major conquest of the 16th century Spanish period of expansion was the Philippines--a subject that has received little attention and scholarship. This study takes an ethnohistoric approach to explore the issues of how the Spaniards brought...
A book on the subject of the conduct of small wars where the campaigns do not consist of regular troops. It contains strategy, tactics, and information on all of the minor expeditions in which the British Army was frequently engaged.
The Ottoman Empire is often portrayed as a bloodthirsty Empire bent on conquering Europe and opposing the great European powers of its time through its military strength. From its beginnings in the thirteenth century the Ottoman Empire expanded its...
One of the greatest generals and practitioners of military craft fought successfully over two thousand years ago. Between 335 and 325 B.C., Alexander the Great campaigned into Persia and India with the aim of conquering the known world. His...
Egypt has one of the oldest civilizations and proudest national histories in the world with a tradition of a well-maintained, advanced and relevant military force. These experiences provided guidance for developing victory in some of the most...
This study explores the role of the military as an instrument of national power in the transformation of Republics to Empires. It concentrates on two case studies. The first is the Athenian transformation from Radical Democracy to an Informal...
The Campaigns conducted by the Spanish Army from 1909 to 1926 to pacify the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco are almost unknown in the US Army, and the scarce literature written or translated to English provides only a partial vision of them. The...