This paper examines the battle of Teutoburg (9 A.D.), its consequences on the Roman world, and the role cultural misunderstanding played on the tactical, operational, and strategic levels. The Roman commander's cultural misunderstanding of his...
The late Roman Republic faced what looked unsolvable social problems and all attempts made by the politicians from all parties failed or made the situation even worse. Finally the crisis was so deep that the security and survival of the state was...
Usually in history it seems that the technologically advanced society has a greater advantage in warfare than more primitive societies. For most battles this seems to hold true; however, there are exceptions to this rule. This document examines...
This monograph addresses whether current peace enforcement doctrine (the threat or use of force to compel compliance, in order to maintain or restore peace and support political settlement) is inclusive of historical (ancient) principles. By...
Political and media pundits have labeled the current period of post Cold-War world order the Pax Americana, reminiscent of the Pax Romana that occurred from 27 BC- 180 AD, during the zenith of the Roman Empire. It is the view of many that since the...
This monograph examines two insurgencies conducted by the Jews in ancient times: The Maccabbee Revolt against the Seleucid Empire from 166-164 BC and the Revolt against the Roman Empire from 66-70 AD. The monograph proposes that all insurgencies...
In September 1943 allied armies of the United States and Great Britain landed on the European mainland in its "soft underbelly" taking another step toward the defeat of Nazi Germany. Expecting to be in Rome by the end of that year, the Allies...
This study reviews the life, battles, and campaigns of the Carthaginian General Hannibal while attempting to illustrate the leadership values and primary characteristics of Hannibal that contributed to his success on the battlefield. Hannibal won...
This monograph analyzes America's ability to maintain its global hegemony and perpetuate freedom from general conventional war. The theories of Geoffrey Blainey and Donald Kagan are used to explain the causes of war and the causes of peace. General...
This study investigates the requirements for sound decision making at the operational level in conditions of high risk. The study first reviews some of the literature related to high-risk decision making. It then investigates two operational level...
This study attempts to analyze the decisions made by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring prior to and during the battle of Anzio in February 1944. The focus of the investigation is on Kesselring's decision to shift Army Group reserves from the Rome...
This document contains a list of monuments in Italy arranged by regions, provinces, and towns. Other subjects include periods in history and the Italian authorities for the care of the monuments. The regions listed are Abruzzi, Latium, Le Marche,...
This is a history of the 85th Infantry Division. It gives a brief overview of the early years, details training for the Second World War, the Gustav Line, the second phase, the drive on Rome and to the north, between attacks, the Gothic Line, and...
The focus of this thesis is to determine how U.S. Army corps and divisions ensure deliberate gap crossings, a type of combined arms operation, are planned using operational art. Examination of doctrine for gap crossings shows gap crossings to be...
This report describes Air Force participation in Operation Shingle, the amphibious assault by elements of the Fifth Army on the Anzio-Nettuno area commencing 22 January 1944. It covers the operations of the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces from 1...
This study reviews the campaigns and battles of the Sixth Century A. D. Byzantine General Belisarius, attempting to extract common threads of military thought and principles and providing an analysis as to the application of his method to today's...