"Nicaragua charges that, since at least 1982, the United States has used force against Nicaragua in the form of assistance to Nicaraguans fighting against the Sandinista regime. Any such actions, Nicaragua argues, are illegal and improper since...
This study investigates the aspects and nature of unconventional warfare operations from pre-Cold War, Cold War, and post-Cold War environments. The case studies examined are: unconventional warfare operations in the Philippines (World War II),...
The purpose of this study is to examine the need for the US Army to publish a distinct warfighting doctrine for irregular warfare in the new FM 100- 5, Operations. The emerging Army doctrine applies to the entire range of conflict, including...
Medical Readiness Training Exercises (MEDRETES) are conducted by military medical units in a field environment, where US military personnel conduct medical evaluation, treatment, and health education for persons who are not health care...
This paper analyzes the relevancy of the terms center of gravity and decisive points at the operational level of war in communist insurgencies. It begins by proposing acceptable meanings for the terms center of gravity, decisive points, subversion,...
The essence of Cuba's strategic assessment comprises two phenomena. One is the diffusion of political power. The ruling elite is finding it increasingly difficult to control events to the extent that they once did. Power is shifting downward, being...
A confluence of factors led to American engagement in one of Central America's most violent uprisings: the Salvadoran civil war. By the time of President Ronald Reagan's first term as president, the civil war had created social, political and...
This monograph investigates whether the U.S. military should establish joint doctrine for unconventional warfare. Since the passage of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, joint doctrine has become central to...
Engaged in a spectrum from full-scale combat to stability and support operations, the military is faced with an ever-changing environment in which to use its combat power. For instance, it is axiomatic that the massive application of firepower...
Makers of modern strategy have an unprecedented challenge in our complex world. American strategists have been criticized for strategic failures since World War II. Congressional investigations have been initiated to examine the strategic education...
This paper will describe the significant events and experiences that shaped the Powell Doctrine and affected the manner in which General Colin Powell applied those principles during his tenure as the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)...
Homeland security was restored as America’s number one goal of national security strategy following 9/11. The evolution of American national security strategy, from the Cold War years into the post-9/11 years, demonstrated a historical reliance...
In July 1979, the Sandinista-led revolutionary junta pledged to the people of Nicaragua and the Organization of American States that it would fully respect human rights. The Sandinistas have systematically violated this pledge, trampling on the...
This study outlines the influences that the outcome of the Vietnam War had on American foreign policy in another insurgency situation in the Republic of El Salvador during the formative years of that policy, 1979 to 1984. The presented concept...
Article from Military Review is an overview of methods to defeat insurgencies. Discussion focuses on historical reasons why insurgencies develop, prevention of insurgencies, methods for fighting insurgencies, special aspects of urban insurgencies,...
The joint task force (JTF) headquarters (HQ) is normally a joint organization tailored to meet contingency warfighting requirements for the Unified Commanders in Chief (CINCs). It involves two or more services normally for a limited objective and...
This publication explains how military operations other than war (MOOTW) differ from large-scale, sustained combat operations. It addresses purpose, principles, types of operations and planning considerations. A doctrinal basis is provided for...
The Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P) indirect approach to irregular warfare (IW) offers senior U.S. policy makers and military commanders a suitable model worthy of consideration for conducting long-term military operations...
JCS Pub 2 charges all services to “prepare for war and operations short of war”. The U.S. Army has further defined operations short of war as military involvement in low intensity conflict. While the Army has made some effort at improving its...
This monograph discusses the role the American military instrument of power played in supporting the government of El Salvador during its battle against rebel forces during the period 1980-1992. The U.S. provided extensive military, political and...