For this Civil Affairs document, three main sections include the Bismarckian Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (revolution and the new array of forces, period of consolidation, and the end of the Weimar Republic and Hitler's rise to power),...
This study investigates the constitutional legitimacy of the Chilean presidency under Salvador Allende from November 1970 to September 1973. The analysis focuses on the significant factors that influenced decisions, policies, and programs which...
There are three sections in this Civil Affairs handbook on Greece. The first addresses public safety- police agencies and departments (organization, personnel, functions and authority, equipment), police regulations, penal institutions, and fire...
Historical Division, Headquarters European Command
This study is the first of a series of three dealing with experiences of German prisoners of the Russians. The second is a detailed report on the methods of interrogation of prisoners; and the third is a medical officer's description of the...
The War of the Triple Alliance, fought from 1864 to 1870 between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, was a Latin American regional war that spiraled out of control to become one of the bloodiest international...
This study attempts to explain the causes and effects of the military coup d'etat which took place in Turkey on September 12, 1980. The analysis focuses on the National Security Council government of the period, against the broader historical...
On October 3rd 1993, US efforts in Somalia culminated as the result of an overnight battle that cost eighteen American lives and effectively silenced all optimism that Somalia could be externally resurrected as a functioning state. What began as a...
The advent of democratic regimes in Spain and Portugal by the mid seventies has conveyed new dynamics in the relationship between the two countries which are now trying a full integration in western Europe. For a better understanding of the...
The bitter lessons of history have taught West Africa that there are no longer respectable alternatives to democracy after the collapse of communism. Nonetheless, governance in West Africa in the 21st century remains the greatest problem because...
This study attempts to answer the following questions on the role of the Iranian armed forces in the fall of the Shah in 1979: (a) Did the armed forces do something that contributed to the causes which led the people of Iran to rise against the...
This study addresses potential scenarios as to how a North Korean collapse could occur, whether China's military would engage in North Korea, and how China's military might intervene if it did so. First, regarding the likely scenarios for a North...
How should militaries think about social media as a factor in military operations? In this study I examine recent Arab Spring scholarship, with a particular focus on the significant impact of social media on events in Egypt in early 2011. Existing...
In March 1947, the United States established an economic and military assistance program to bolster the nationalist Greek government against a communist insurgency. The Greek government suffered from a collapsed economy, deep social divisions, and...
This monograph sets out to prove that Geoffrey Blainey's theory about a disagreement over relative power between nations explains the causes of the Persian Gulf War of 1990-1991. Blainey describes the diplomatic crisis leading to war 'like a crisis...
Crane Brinton's analysis of popular revolutions offers the strategic and operational planner a valid model for checking the consistency of ends, ways and means, for campaign plans. As a planning tool, Brinton's model fills a gap in FM 100-20, which...
Can the United States successfully impose democracy by force without resorting to the same level of total warfare it waged on Germany and Japan in the Second World War? The hypothesis for this research is that the U.S. can successfully force...
Winning the Counterinsurgency Fight in Iraq: The Role of Political Culture in Counterinsurgency Warfare 2003-2006 in Iraq is written to provide insight into the importance of political culture in relation to developing a counterinsurgency strategy....
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (the Congo) received its independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960. The Congo’s political development from the 1700s to 1960 resulted in a democratically elected Congolese administration that at the time of...
Office of Strategic Services, Research and Analysis Branch
This is a brief account of nationalist and racial groups which developed in Germany after the First World War, the relation of these groups to the development of Nazi ideology and practice, and the methods by which the Nazi Party coordinated and...