Turkish Culture had a profound influence on the conduct of its counter-insurgency campaign against the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK). The independent variables shaping Turkey’s response to the insurgency were a unique brand of nationalism,...
Since 1925, Iranian governments purposefully shaped the Iranian national identity in an attempt to socially prioritize membership in nationalist and religious social groups, over others such as ethnicity or profession. Further, successive Iranian...
The purpose of this paper is to answer the following question: Does the generation of Iranians born after the 1979 revolution wish to continue living under the system established by Ayatollah Khomeini, or do they wish to modernize (or perhaps...
Osama bin Laden and Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri enticed tens of thousands of Muslims from around the world to travel to Afghanistan, swear allegiance to bin Laden and the cause of Al Qaeda, fight and even die for that cause. Bin Laden united faithful...
In the past two decades, Radical Islam rooted in Europe became an obvious security threat. This monograph argues that Western Europeans are partially responsible for permitting or not preventing the presence of radical Islamists in the Balkans and...
It is debatable whether Afghanistan historically meets most accepted definitions of a nation-state. Afghanistan has historically been governed by local and tribal leaders with short-lived attempts at a strong central unitary government. Whenever...
The United States is a nation at war. It will be a long war. The terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 were the catalyst that brought the US to this war: the Global War on Terrorism. However, US and coalition responses to Islamic extremism since...
This study attempts to explain the causes and effects of the military coup d'etat which took place in Turkey on September 12, 1980. The analysis focuses on the National Security Council government of the period, against the broader historical...
Since September 11, 2001, the United States government has concentrated many of its resources on combating international terrorism. Military operations have taken place in the Philippines, Afghanistan and Iraq in an effort to destroy terrorist...
In the words of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, "The United States, our allies, and our partners face a spectrum of challenges' We must balance strategic risk across the responses, making the best use of the tools at hand within the U.S....
This is a discussion of the land and people of Japan. Boundaries, area and position, physiography, climate, and regional divisions are detailed. For the people of Japan, information includes population and cultural characteristics (family and sex,...
Islamic fundamentalism and Jihad are terms which have become prominent over the last two decades but are frequently misunderstood as concepts. Fundamentalism essentially means reviving Islam with its original pure principles as outlined by Mohammad...
The interaction between politics and military professionalism is a delicate balancing act in war. When the politics involves a revolutionary ideology, military professionalism can be subordinated to the point of hurting the war effort. The Iranian...
Eastern European Section, European Branch, Intelligence Group
A survey of the population, available resources, industrial capacity, government, etc. of the U.S.S.R. in order to determine her ability to defeat the German Army.
Fighting Terrorism Prototypes for Targeting America: A Soviet Assessment by Graham H. Turbiville, Jr. Combating Terrorism. Lieutenant Colonel Andrew J. Smith, Australian Army Legal Perspectives for Civil-Military Operations in Islamic...
Volume I of II, this volume provides in abbreviated form socio-cultural, economic, political and historical background material for a study of the Islamic World from the time of Muhammad to the eve of the first World war. It sets the stage for a...
Volume II of II, this volume serves as an introduction to the study of the Arab-Israeli crisis from the socio-political, historical and military points of view. It takes for its starting point a definition of the crisis as the conflict of two...
Economic, military, and political science all boast at least one basic theory. But concerning military assistance, the critical nexus between them, that theoretical structure that exists rests on normative assumptions and intuition. Within the...